CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This cohort study of very preterm infants found that implementation of a multistrain probiotic was associated with a significant reduction in death and/or NEC, which may help inform shared decision-making between clinicians and families. These results should not be generalized to extremely preterm infants (

CONCLUSION: In critically ill patients with COVID-19, high baseline severity, chronic neurological disease, and pre-infection advanced life support (mechanical ventilation and ECMO) were independent predictors of BSI. Rather than acting as an independent cause of death, BSI primarily serves as a clinical marker of extreme illness severity and prolonged invasive interventions.

CONCLUSIONS: Inflammasome signalling plays a highly dynamic role in critical illness, contributing to effective host defence, if functional, or to pathological inflammation, if dysregulated. Although targeted modulation of inflammasome pathways represents a promising therapeutic strategy, further research is needed to refine patient selection, identify reliable biomarkers, and better characterise disease heterogeneity to enable successful clinical translation.

A key determinant of antibiotic dose selection is the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target, typically determined using dose fractionation studies in preclinical infection models. However, such studies often do not consider the host immune response, despite its important role in bacterial infection. We therefore aimed to systematically characterize the potential contributions of the innate immune response on antibiotic PK/PD targets using a novel mathematical mechanism-based model,...