{"id":977,"date":"2026-11-14T21:00:27","date_gmt":"2026-11-14T20:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sepsisnet.nl\/?page_id=977"},"modified":"2026-11-14T21:00:27","modified_gmt":"2026-11-14T20:00:27","slug":"herstel-en-nazorg","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sepsisnet.nl\/en\/herstel-en-nazorg\/","title":{"rendered":"Recovery and aftercare"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"snl-kb\" data-no-translation><section class=\"snl-kb-sec hero\" id=\"intro\"><div class=\"snl-kb-in\"><p class=\"lbl\">Patients and families<\/p><h1>Recovery and aftercare after sepsis<\/h1><p class=\"lead\">Surviving is not the same as recovering. Many people have symptoms for months to years after sepsis. On this page you can read what to expect, what the guidelines advise and where to find help.<\/p><div class=\"snl-toc\"><a href=\"#verwachten\">What to expect<\/a><a href=\"#richtlijn\">What the guidelines advise<\/a><a href=\"#zelf\">What you can do yourself<\/a><a href=\"#hulp\">Help and peer support<\/a><a href=\"#naasten\">For relatives<\/a><\/div><figure class=\"snl-fig snl-photo\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sepsisnet.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/al-benoit-wwFjWwYfrKE-unsplash-1536x948.jpg\" alt=\"Calm rolling landscape\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:100%;height:340px;object-fit:cover;border-radius:14px;display:block\"><figcaption>Photo: Al Benoit via Unsplash<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/section><section class=\"snl-kb-sec alt\" id=\"verwachten\"><div class=\"snl-kb-in\"><p class=\"lbl\">After discharge<\/p><h2>What can you expect?<\/h2><div class=\"snl-stats\"><div class=\"snl-stat\"><b>1 in 2<\/b><span>survivors recover within the first year.<\/span><small><a class=\"snl-cite\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2017.17687\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ref=\"Prescott HC, Angus DC. Enhancing recovery from sepsis: a review. JAMA 2018;319:62-75. PMID 29318278.\" data-pmid=\"29297082\">Prescott and Angus, JAMA 2018<\/a><\/small><\/div><div class=\"snl-stat\"><b>1 in 6<\/b><span>still has severe physical or cognitive impairment a year after sepsis.<\/span><small><a class=\"snl-cite\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2017.17687\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ref=\"Prescott HC, Angus DC. Enhancing recovery from sepsis: a review. JAMA 2018;319:62-75. PMID 29318278.\" data-pmid=\"29297082\">Prescott and Angus, JAMA 2018<\/a><\/small><\/div><div class=\"snl-stat\"><b>30,406<\/b><span>quality-adjusted life years are lost each year in the Netherlands through reduced quality of life after sepsis.<\/span><small><a class=\"snl-cite\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-024-04816-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ref=\"Luijks ECN, van der Slikke EC, van Zanten ARH, et al. Societal costs of sepsis in the Netherlands. Crit Care 2024;28:29. doi. PMID 38254226.\">Luijks et al., Crit Care 2024<\/a><\/small><\/div><\/div><p>Common problems:<\/p><div class=\"snl-grid\"><div class=\"snl-card\"><h3>Physical<\/h3><ul><li>Fatigue and low fitness<\/li><li>Muscle weakness, muscle and joint pain<\/li><li>Shortness of breath, swallowing problems<\/li><li>Reduced kidney function<\/li><li>More frequent new infections<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"snl-card\"><h3>Cognitive<\/h3><ul><li>Problems with concentration and memory<\/li><li>Difficulty following conversations with several people<\/li><li>Slower thinking and planning<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"snl-card\"><h3>Psychological<\/h3><ul><li>Anxiety and low mood<\/li><li>Flashbacks or nightmares (post-traumatic stress)<\/li><li>Sleep problems<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><p>Even after the first year, the risk of readmission, cardiovascular disease and death is higher than in peers. Returning to work often takes longer than expected.<\/p><div class=\"snl-ev lit\"><p class=\"src\">Research on recovery <span class=\"pill\">cohort studies<\/span><\/p><ul><li>In a German cohort of over 116,000 survivors, 74% received a new medical, psychological or cognitive diagnosis in the first year and 31.5% became newly dependent on nursing care <a class=\"snl-cite\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.34290\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ref=\"Fleischmann-Struzek C, Rose N, Freytag A, et al. Epidemiology and Costs of Postsepsis Morbidity, Nursing Care Dependency, and Mortality in Germany, 2013 to 2017. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4:e2134290. PMID 34767025.\" data-pmid=\"34767025\">Fleischmann-Struzek, JAMA Netw Open 2021<\/a>.<\/li><li>After a sepsis admission the risk of cardiovascular readmission is increased (HR 1.43), especially for heart failure <a class=\"snl-cite\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.122.027813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ref=\"Jentzer JC, Lawler PR, Van Houten HK, et al. Cardiovascular Events Among Survivors of Sepsis Hospitalization: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2023;12:e027813. PMID 36722388.\" data-pmid=\"36722388\">Jentzer, J Am Heart Assoc 2023<\/a>.<\/li><li>ICU survivors of respiratory sepsis had higher 12-month mortality than survivors of COVID-19 sepsis (RR 1.77) <a class=\"snl-cite\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02644-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ref=\"Joost FEA, Rose N, Kimmig A, et al. Long-term outcomes after intensive care unit-treated COVID-19, influenza and respiratory sepsis in 2020 - a comparative, population-based cohort study. Infection 2025;54:179-189. PMID 41042487.\" data-pmid=\"41042487\">Joost, Infection 2025<\/a>.<\/li><li>Readmissions after sepsis are often infection-related and partly preventable <a class=\"snl-cite\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2015.1410\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ref=\"Prescott HC, Langa KM, Iwashyna TJ. Readmission diagnoses after hospitalization for severe sepsis and other acute medical conditions. JAMA 2015;313:1055-7. PMID 25756444.\" data-pmid=\"25756444\">Prescott, JAMA 2015<\/a> <a class=\"snl-cite\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IDR.S390947\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ref=\"van der Slikke EC, Beumeler LFE, Holmqvist M, et al. Understanding Post-Sepsis Syndrome: How Can Clinicians Help? Infect Drug Resist 2023;16:6493-6511. PMID 37795206.\" data-pmid=\"37795206\">van der Slikke, Infect Drug Resist 2023<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><figure class=\"snl-fig\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 900 270\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Many people recover well; some keep symptoms such as fatigue, poor concentration or muscle weakness\" font-family=\"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n<rect x=\"70\" y=\"20\" width=\"170\" height=\"190\" fill=\"#f6e9ea\"\/><rect x=\"240\" y=\"20\" width=\"230\" height=\"190\" fill=\"#fbf3f3\"\/><rect x=\"470\" y=\"20\" width=\"410\" height=\"190\" fill=\"#E3EDEE\"\/>\n<text x=\"155\" y=\"40\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#69191E\">Admission<\/text><text x=\"355\" y=\"40\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#69191E\">First weeks at home<\/text><text x=\"675\" y=\"40\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#2E7668\">3 to 12 months<\/text>\n<line x1=\"70\" y1=\"70\" x2=\"880\" y2=\"70\" stroke=\"#31575F\" stroke-dasharray=\"6 6\" opacity=\".5\"\/><text x=\"875\" y=\"62\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#31575F\">Before sepsis<\/text>\n<path d=\"M70 72 C100 72 110 190 160 190 C240 190 300 150 380 128 C470 104 560 92 880 84\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2E7668\" stroke-width=\"5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M380 128 C470 110 560 125 880 132\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#C1282D\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-dasharray=\"7 6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\/>\n<line x1=\"70\" y1=\"210\" x2=\"880\" y2=\"210\" stroke=\"#31575F\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><line x1=\"70\" y1=\"20\" x2=\"70\" y2=\"210\" stroke=\"#31575F\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n<text x=\"20\" y=\"120\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#31575F\" transform=\"rotate(-90 26 120)\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Functioning<\/text><text x=\"475\" y=\"230\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#31575F\">Time &#8594;<\/text>\n<text x=\"450\" y=\"258\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"13.5\" fill=\"#5b6b70\">Many people recover well; some keep symptoms such as fatigue, poor concentration or muscle weakness<\/text><\/svg><\/figure><\/div><\/section><section class=\"snl-kb-sec\" id=\"richtlijn\"><div class=\"snl-kb-in\"><p class=\"lbl\">Guidelines<\/p><h2>What do the guidelines advise on aftercare?<\/h2><div class=\"snl-ev\"><p class=\"src\">Dutch sepsis guideline <span class=\"pill\">module Information on long-term consequences<\/span><\/p><p>Refer patients in good time to reliable information on the long-term consequences of sepsis and involve their relatives. State explicitly in the discharge letter that the patient has had sepsis.<\/p><p class=\"ref\">Summarised from the <a class=\"snl-cite\" href=\"https:\/\/richtlijnendatabase.nl\/richtlijn\/sepsis\/startpagina_-_sepsis.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ref=\"Nederlandse Internisten Vereniging. Richtlijn Sepsis. Richtlijnendatabase, modules 2020 tot 2024.\">Dutch sepsis guideline<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"snl-ev\"><p class=\"src\">Dutch sepsis guideline <span class=\"pill\">module Mobilisation<\/span><\/p><p>In the ICU and on the ward, start mobilisation and activation as early as possible, in the most active form that is safe.<\/p><p class=\"ref\">Summarised from the <a class=\"snl-cite\" href=\"https:\/\/richtlijnendatabase.nl\/richtlijn\/sepsis\/startpagina_-_sepsis.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ref=\"Nederlandse Internisten Vereniging. Richtlijn Sepsis. Richtlijnendatabase, modules 2020 tot 2024.\">Dutch sepsis guideline<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"snl-ev ssc\"><p class=\"src\">Surviving Sepsis Campaign 2026 <span class=\"pill\">suggestion<\/span><\/p><p>Give patients and families verbal and written education about sepsis, its treatment and post-sepsis syndrome. Offer survivors follow-up after hospitalisation, support for mental health problems, and rehabilitation to those ventilated for more than 48 hours.<\/p><p class=\"ref\">Summarised from the <a class=\"snl-cite ssc\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000007075\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ref=\"Prescott HC, Antonelli M, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2026. Crit Care Med 2026. doi.\">SSC adult guidelines 2026<\/a><\/p><\/div><p>The Netherlands does not yet have a national aftercare pathway for sepsis. Several hospitals run an ICU follow-up clinic or a post-sepsis clinic, including Amsterdam UMC and UMCG. At discharge, ask whether your hospital offers follow-up, also if you were not in intensive care.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"snl-kb-sec alt\" id=\"zelf\"><div class=\"snl-kb-in\"><p class=\"lbl\">Self-help<\/p><h2>What can you do yourself?<\/h2><ul><li><strong>Ask for an explanation.<\/strong> At discharge, ask what happened, which problems to expect and who to contact. Ask whether your discharge letter mentions that you had sepsis.<\/li><li><strong>Build up gradually.<\/strong> Move every day, spread your energy over the day and rest before you are tired. A physiotherapist or occupational therapist can help.<\/li><li><strong>Keep a diary<\/strong> or ask your relatives what happened during your admission; this helps you process it.<\/li><li><strong>Watch for new infections.<\/strong> After sepsis your immunity is weaker for weeks to months. Know the <a href=\"\/en\/?page_id=25#alarm\">warning signs<\/a> and tell your GP that you have had sepsis.<\/li><li><strong>Get vaccinated<\/strong> as advised by your GP or RIVM; this is possible shortly after sepsis.<\/li><li><strong>Discuss symptoms with your GP<\/strong> if they do not improve after a few weeks, and ask about referral for rehabilitation or psychological support.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section><section class=\"snl-kb-sec\" id=\"hulp\"><div class=\"snl-kb-in\"><p class=\"lbl\">Help<\/p><h2>Help, information and peer support<\/h2><div class=\"snl-grid\"><div class=\"snl-card\"><h3>Sepsis Nederland<\/h3><p>Patient organisation for people who have (had) sepsis and their relatives: information, peer support and advocacy (in Dutch).<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sepsisnederland.nl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sepsisnederland.nl<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"snl-card\"><h3>FCIC and IC Connect<\/h3><p>Information and peer support for former ICU patients and their relatives.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/fcic.nl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fcic.nl<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/icconnect.nl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">icconnect.nl<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"snl-card\"><h3>Sepsis en daarna<\/h3><p>Information about life after sepsis, including the Sepsis Alarm Book (in Dutch).<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sepsis-en-daarna.nl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sepsis-en-daarna.nl<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"snl-card\"><h3>Research on long-term symptoms<\/h3><p>Together with SepsisNet, NMCB is recruiting people who have recovered and people with long-term symptoms after sepsis, to understand what long-term symptoms after infection have in common.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/nmcb.eu\/doe-mee\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Take part in research<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"snl-kb-sec alt\" id=\"naasten\"><div class=\"snl-kb-in\"><p class=\"lbl\">Relatives<\/p><h2>For relatives and the bereaved<\/h2><p>An admission with sepsis also has a major impact on partners, children and parents. Fear, worry and caregiving can have long-lasting effects; relatives too may develop symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Talk to your own GP about it. Those who have lost someone to sepsis can contact Sepsis Nederland to meet others with the same experience.<\/p><p><a class=\"snl-btn sec\" href=\"\/en\/?page_id=27\">Read patient stories<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-977","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sepsisnet.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/977","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sepsisnet.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sepsisnet.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sepsisnet.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sepsisnet.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=977"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sepsisnet.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/977\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sepsisnet.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=977"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}